I haven’t ever been sick, but some of my relatives have. I want to be able to take care of them when they aren’t feeling so well, so I did a little research into what to look for.
And, I decided it share it with you.
The first question I asked was how can you tell if your dog isn’t feeling well? It might be that he doesn’t wake you up at 5:30 for your usual early morning walk, or seems lethargic and with little appetite. He might not want to eat much or just seem disinterested in much of the life going on around him.
Much like you feel when you’re under the weather, right? The trick with our dogs, however, is they can’t tell us what’s wrong. They can’t say their tummy hurts, or they feel nauseous. Worst of all, it’s hard for you to know when to let them be sick at home, and when to cart them to the vet.
Let’s look at a few crucial components of dog illness.
Temperature
It’s a fallacy that you can’t take your dog’s temperature. It’s also a fallacy that you have to take it rectally. Let’s look at a few key dog temperature items of note:
A dog’s normal body temperature is 99.5 to 102.5 degrees. You can take it rectally or in his ear.
Rectally
The most common type of thermometer used in dogs is a rectal mercury thermometer (though it’s important to buy a new model that no longer actually contains mercury, but a nontoxic red gel).
To take a rectal temperature in your dog, follow these instructions:
Lubricate the thermometer with some Vaseline or other lubricant that won’t affect the thermometer’s reading.
Wear disposable gloves if have them. If you don’t, be sure to wash your hands thoroughly both before and after you take your dog’s temperature rectally.
Have someone help to restrain your dog. If a dog moves vigorously or violently, the thermometer can break in the dog (which will require a visit to the vet).
For the most accurate reading, slide the thermometer almost all the way into the dog, with only enough thermometer left out for you to hold onto. If you meet with a lot of resistance (stool), remove it and wait until your dog defecates.
Be sure to slide the thermometer along the rectal wall and well into your dog to get that accurate reading.
These types of thermometers require a few seconds to stabilize – taking a temperature this way generally takes between 1 and 3 minutes. Once you see a temperature register and stay there for about 15 seconds, you can be
sure you have an actual reading and remove the thermometer.
If you have to pull the thermometer out and take the temperature again, be sure to shake the thermometer all the way down (well down below a dog’s regular temperature) before inserting it again.
Clean the thermometer when you are done with soap and water followed by an alcohol swab.
Ear thermometers are usually preferred by dog owners, to avoid much of the mess and discomfort that can be caused by the rectal thermometers.
But there are a few cautions about using ear thermometers, most notably:
They are generally considered to be less accurate than rectal temperatures. You might want to take your dog’s temperature in the ear several times to get a satisfactory reading.
The anatomy of the dog’s ear makes getting an accurate reading more difficult. The dog’s ear is built with a 90-degree angle between the ear drum and the ear canal exit, making it hard to get an accurate reading.
Here are some tips for getting an accurate reading from an ear thermometer:
Don’t pull the thermometer out until you hear an audible beep from the thermometer indicating the temperature has been recorded.
To avoid the difficulty in getting that accurate reading from the dog’s ear, gently pull the ear up and out to straighten the ear canal for the thermometer.
Remember it will still take between 1 and 3 minutes to get a reading, just like with the rectal thermometer.
Do not use thermometers made for humans that are applied to the forehead for a temperature reading. The dog’s fur makes these highly inaccurate and most definitely not recommended for use on dogs.
Do not ever try to use a thermometer in a dog’s mouth. Your dog’s sharp teeth will likely break it and if it’s made of glass, your dog’s tongue will get cut.
Diarrhea
According to veterinarians, diarrhea is the most common medical ailment for cats and dogs. Because there are a number of causes and reasons for diarrhea, it’s important to pay attention when your dog is under the weather with an upset tummy.
Here are some things to watch and make note of:
When did it start?
How long does it last?
Did your dog eat anything unusual that would make him or her sick?
Is it bloody?
Does it have mucus in it?
Are there any strange objects or foods in it that you can identify?
You can probably discern for yourself which of these qualities of diarrhea are worth worrying about, but definitely if any of these qualities are found in combination with a fever, consult your vet.
Constipation
The uncomfortable opposite of diarrhea, constipation can be highly uncomfortable if not downright dangerous for your dog.
Most dogs will defecate about 1-4 times a day, though some dogs can go 1 to 2 days without defecating without trouble.
Symptoms of constipation:
Straining or painful defecation
Anxiety
General exhaustion
Very dry and/or solid feces
When you feed your dog the same amount of food, your dog will either not defecate or the amount will significantly decrease
There are a number of reasons why a dog will suffer constipation. They include:
Feeding the dog bones
Excessive physical exercises or activity
Incorrect feeding
A mechanical plugging of the intestine
Increase in pancreatic activity
To be sure, if your dog suffers from constipation for any period of time, you should see your vet and find treatment for the dog, which can include enemas, laxatives and other measures.
If your dog seems to just periodically suffer from constipation, there are measures you can take at home to reduce the incidence. These include:
Gentle, regular exercise
A better ration of food
Fiber-dense food
Vomiting
For many dogs, vomiting is just another thing on the “to do” list for the day. Because many dogs have a vomit reflex that allows them to vomit out anything that’s unwelcome, many dogs vomit often.
Even if your dog is a chronic vomiter, though, there are times and certain conditions that require concern.
First, let’s look at the myriad of reasons why your dog might vomit. These include:
A sudden change in the dog’s diet, including new dog food
A strange food or other item eaten by your dog
A change in chemical balance which might be caused by renal deficiency, a bacterial infection or diabetes
A nervous system reaction to stress
A disease like parvo or distemper
A head injury
Although many dogs vomit occasionally, anything more than occasional should be cause for concern.
If your dog is vomiting, here are some tips to help him (and you):
Stop feeding your dog for about 24-48 hours.
Watch to see if the vomiting subsides. If it does, slowly feed your dog small bits of food (dog food only, and nothing new now).
If your dog continues to vomit, consult your veterinarian. There are so many potential causes; you want to make sure you aren’t endangering your dog by not getting quick treatment.
Once your dog stops vomiting, you should consider preventive measures. These include (but are not limited to):
Making sure your dog is always current on vaccinations.
Not feeding your dog before walking or training him or her.
Not allowing your dog to gulp large amounts of food.
Giving smaller rather than larger portions of food.
Being conscious of things your dog might find in the home to swallow. Just as you would be with a toddler, be alert to things that could be swallowed (and subsequently thrown up).
Changing dog foods gradually and following feeding instructions on the bag.
Heat stroke
Leaving your dog outside on a very hot (or very humid) day can be dangerous. Leaving your dog in a car under the same conditions can be dangerous or fatal, depending on the circumstances.
It’s never a good idea to leave your dog unattended in a car on a hot day, but if your dog ends up with too much sun and is overheated anyway, here are some things you need to know about heat stroke.
The symptoms of heat stroke are fairly dramatic and they include:
Weakness
Staggering
Salivating
Wide eyes
Rapid panting
Collapse (in advanced stages)
Mouth will appear dry and pale
If you suspect your dog is suffering from heat stroke, first take his temperature rectally. If it exceeds 106 degrees, then your dog is definitely suffering heat stroke. You must get him to the vet as soon as possible (ideally that means immediately) and in the meantime, get some cool water on your dog.
How do get the cool water on your dog will depend on your conditions, but ideally you’ll be able to run a hose on the dog. Be sure the water contacts the skin and not just the hair, and run the water all over the body, not just the backside. So include the belly, the legs, even the mouth if your dog will tolerate it.
Poisoning
Dogs are by nature curious beings and like children, sometimes get themselves in trouble with poisonous products.
The most common type of poisoning to dogs is by pesticides and insecticides, followed by drugs and plants.
In fact, there are many plants that are highly dangerous to animals. If your dog is a grazer, you might want to exclude many of these plants from your home. Some of them include very popular plants like Aloe Vera, Amaryllis, Boxwood, Calla Lilly, Daffodil, English Ivy, Oleander, Sago Palm, and Yellow Jasmine.
If your dog has been poisoned, he might exhibit the following symptoms:
Nervousness
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Change in pupil size
Difficulty breathing
Stumbling
Convulsions (in severe cases)
Loss of consciousness (in severe cases)
If you suspect your dog is poisoned, call the emergency vet or the animal poison control center right away. Have handy your dog’s vet information and if possible, information about what he or she ate.
Contrary to popular belief, inducing vomiting is not always the best way to proceed if your dog is poisoned. Some poisons are
caustic and can be extremely dangerous to vomit. Always follow the recommendation of the poison control center.